4^th Edition of International Conference on Polymer Science and Technology September 13- 14, 2018 Hotel Panorama Prague , Czech Republic

 polymer science and technology

Polymers offer extent opportunities towards newer applications in industrial science important areas. There is a great prerequisite, to have an intrinsic approach towards this compatible relationship of polymers and their performance. Before go in to brief description of polymer we now look in to outlook of the polymer science. Polymer has been with us from the beginning of time they form the very basic building blocks of life. Starting from animals, plants and human beings all classes of living organisms are composed of polymers .the term polymer is derived from Greek its nothing but ‘many parts’. Polymer is long chain molecule made up of small particles called monomers. It is also called as macromolecule polymer is a raw material which we used to call as plastic. Which is true man-made materials.as we shall see in subsequent discussions the use of polymeric materials has permeated every facet of our lives.it is hard to imagine today’s world with all its luxury and comfort without man-made polymeric industries

Polymer chemistry

Polymer chemistry is a chemistry branch which deals with structures and their properties.it is also known as macromolecular chemistry. Processing of macromolecule is called as polymer . Polymer chemistry also deals with problems related to Medicine, Biology, Biochemistry and Material Science; however, Polymer Chemists focus on synthetic organic polymers due to their commercial importance. It is all about analysing how the monomers merge to generate useful substances with the desired features by manipulating their molecular structure, the composition, and applying chemical and processing techniques that can impact the properties of the final product

Polymer physics

Polymer physics is a interdisciplinary of physics which deals with polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, polymer structures and also with the kinetics.it includes theory and experimental behavior of polymeric solution The analytical approach for polymer physics is based on an similarity between a polymer and either a Brownian motion, or other type of a random walk, the self-avoiding walk. The simplest desirable polymer model is presented by the ideal chain, corresponding to a simple random walk. These fact-finding methods also helped the mathematical modeling of polymers and even for a better understanding of the properties of polymers.

Biopolymers

“Polymeric biomolecules” or the Biopolymers are polymers fabricated by living organisms. Polynucleotides, Nucleotides and Polypeptides are the three main classes of polymers those are called long polymers.it also have short polymer of amino acids and polysaccharides which are frequently linear bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures for examples: rubber, suberin, melanin and lignin.

Structure of the biopolymer has a well- defined. The difference between biopolymer and synthetic polymer can be found in their structure .compare to biopolymer synthetic polymer has much simplest structure. This fact shows to a molecular mass distribution that is missing in biopolymers. All biopolymers are alike That they all contain the similar sequences and numbers of monomers and thus all have the same mass. 

Polymer Rheology     

The study of flow of matter is known as Rheology basically in a liquid state, but also responds for  "soft solids" or solids like plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to applied force. It is a department of physics which deals with the deformation and flow of materials, both solids and liquids. Rheology generally accounts for the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, by distinguish the minimum number of functions that are needed to relate stresses with rate of change of strain or strain rates. Rheometry is experimental characterization of a material's rheological behaviour .In execution, rheology is principally concerned with prolong continuum mechanics to characterize flow of materials, that indicates a combination of elastic, viscous and plastic behavior by properly combining elasticity and (Newtonian) fluid mechanics. Rheology has amny application in polymer science and engineering, pharmaceutics,biology and physiology.

Nanomaterial and nanotechnology                                   

In  nanomaterial and nanotechnology the term ‘Nano’ is derived from the Greek ‘Nanos ‘which is known as extremely small particle. Basically nanomaterial is material with dimensions on the nano-scale.structure at Nano-scale has unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties. Actually nanomaterial’s cover huge areas of materials of materials, many of which we would not normally consider to be particularly revolutionary. Because nature is full of nanomaterial’s and Nano-structure. Nanotechnology is the engineering of operative  systems at the molecular scale. This covers both present work and concepts that are more advanced. In this real world today the nanotechnology has ability to bulid products using techniques and equipments to produce completly high performance products. The idea that seeded  nanotechnology were first discussed in 1959 by renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom in which it explained about  the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms

Polymer Engineering

Polymer Engineering is a sub discipline of the polymer science basically it focusing on the development of new product .Its also covers details of the polymerization structure petrochemical industry and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure property relations and applications. Polymer engineers use the theory of thermodynamics, plant design, process design, and transport phenomena to develop new products. Polymer engineers can oversee the production process of plastics and other polymers as well.

Ceramic and composite materials

Ceramics and composite materials are the sub discipline of material science.it contains compounds which includes ionic and covalent bonds to form a material with high modulus and hardness, high thermal expansion, high melting point and corrosion resistance. Because these materials may be breakable, toughness fracture is also an important mechanical property. Composites are made up of two or more materials with different mechanical properties that produce a desired set of properties when combined. Advanced ceramic and composite materials are applied to many,automotive industries, renewable or alternative energy,electronics, healthcare, and aerospace. By using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) microstructure of ceramic material is characterized.

Radiation-Related Polymer

Polymer Materials Radiation Processing and its Industrial Applications systematically explains the materialistic viable ways to process and shows how radiation-process used polymeric materials in industrial products. Either by conventional chemical means or by exposure to ionization radiation from ether radioactive sources or highly accelerated electrons the modifications in polymeric structure of plastic material are made. Increased utilization of electron beams for reconstruction and magnification of polymer materials has been in particular witnessed over the past 40 years. The electrical properties of polymers present almost limitless scope for industrial research and development. Applications of organic electronic devices are in displays, photovoltaic, sensors, logic, lighting and radio-frequency identification tags. By 2018 Their market is predicted to be more than $44 billion globally .

Applications of Polymer Science

In todays world people can’t survive without the applications of polymer they play a vital role in our day to day life .Polymers are a highly distinct  class of materials which are available in all fields of technology from avionics through drug delivery system, bio-sensor devices, Holography, 3D printing, tissue engineering, cosmetics etc. and the usage and improvement of these depends on polymer applications .due to their below average cost and ease to manufacture the application of polymeric materials and their composites are increased .This in turn fuels further development in research.which include of bio plastics substances for medical, dental and pharmaceutical use have hovered on the front lines for years.gelatin based capsules which are naturally dissolve in digestive tract are made up of animal or vegetable matter, which do not require manual removal after healing, are regularly used to suture wounds and surgical incisions.

Recent inovations  in Polymer Science and Technologies

Polymers are the one of the modern man-made substance that can be used as matrix for fabrication of composites and Nano composites they can integrate a wide range of products like carbon ,ceramic and metals in the form of fibers which improves physical and chemical properties of the polymer. Coming from medical to electrical the polymers are created so many research and developments.

Polymers and the Environment

Today The conventional polymer materials are available , exclusively the plastics, which is the result for decades of evolution. utilization of raw materials and energy, as well as of waste release the production is extremely efficient .These products show an excellent property like to water and  high mechanical strength to microorganisms, it is low-cost due to manufacturing scale ,low density especially for transporting goods and process optimization. However, some of their most useful features, the chemical, physical and biological inertness, and durability resulted in their accumulation in the environment if not recycled. Unfortunately, the build-up of plastics, along with other materials, is becoming a serious worry for all countries in the world. These materials occupy significant volume in landfills and dumps today. Recently, the presences of huge amounts of plastic waste items are dumped into the oceans has been observed, from  different sources like streets, going through the drains with the rain, and then going into the rivers and lakes, and then to the oceans. Those materials are harmful for living organism and it can affect the ecosystem too. So, these wastes should be recycled or managed under systematic method. As it leads , there is a very strong and irreversible movement, in all countries of the world, to use materials that do not harm the planet, that is, low environmental impact materials.

Polymer Science – The Next Generation

The leading anxieties for humans in the future will be energy resources, food, health, mobility & infrastructure and communication. in the upcoming decades the notable challenges will be the population that is increasing gradually, the concentration of people in expansive urban centers, globalization and the expected change of climate. undoubtedly that polymers will play a key role in finding successful ways in handling these challenges. Polymers will be the material of the new millennium and the production of polymeric parts i.e. sustainable, green,, energy-efficient, high low-priced ,quality , etc. will assure the availability of the finest solutions round the globe.since a lomg time Synthetic polymers have played a relatively important role in current medicinal practice. Successfully using synthetic polymer many devices in medicine and even some artificial organs are made and smart polymers for microfluidics and Self-healing and reprocessable. In various industrial applications polymer systems have been employed. to preserve energy and improve renewable energy technologies polymer science can be applied..